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Molecular alterations and clinical relevance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第4期   页码 401-410 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0286-y

摘要：

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common types of gastrointestinal cancers, and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in China. Early detection and intervention in time may dramatically increase the survival of the patients by initiating treatment regimens during earlier stages of ESCC or even during precancerous stages. Molecular classification will be useful for subtyping esophageal tumors or precancerous lesions to improve current therapeutics or early intervention of the disease. In this review, we summarize the findings in investigating the molecular alterations and clinical relevance of ESCC.

关键词： esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC)     early detection     molecular classification     molecular markers    

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Fibroblast growth factor 21: a novel metabolic regulator from pharmacology to physiology

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 25-30 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0244-8

摘要：

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a member of the fibroblast growth factor family. It actually functions as endocrine hormones but does not regulate cell growth and differentiation. It is demonstrated that FGF21 acts on multiple tissue to coordinate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, including enhancing insulin sensitivity, decreasing triglyceride concentrations, causing weight loss, ameliorating obesity-associated hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Moreover, FGF21 also plays important roles in some physiological processes, such as fasting and feeding, growth hormone axis and thermogenic function of brown adipose tissue. Clinical relevance of FGF21 in humans is still unclear, and the basis and consequences of increased FGF21 in metabolic disease remain to be determined. Both the pharmacological actions and physiological roles make FGF21 attractive drug candidates for treating metabolic disease, but some questions remain to be answered. This article concentrates on recent advances in our understanding of FGF21.

关键词： FGF21     metabolism     pharmacology     physiology     clinical relevance    

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Factors affecting early embryonic development in cattle: relevance for bovine cloning

Yanna DANG, Kun ZHANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第6卷 第1期   页码 33-41 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018228

摘要：

Female infertility represents a major challenge for improving the production efficiency in the dairy industry. Historically, fertility has declined whereas milk yield has increased tremendously due to intensive genetic selection. evidence reveals about 60% pregnancy loss takes place during the first month following fertilization. Meanwhile, early embryo development is significant for somatic cell nuclear transfer in cattle as a large proportion of cloned embryos fail to develop beyond peri-implantation stage. Oocyte quality is of utmost importance for the early embryo to develop to term for both fertilized and cloned embryos. Epigenetic reprogramming is a key process occurring after fertilization and critical roles of epigenetic modifiers during preimplantation development are now clear. Incomplete epigenetic reprogramming is believed to be a major limitation to cloning efficiency. Treatment of cloned embryos with epigenetic modifying drugs (e.g., Trichostatin A) could greatly improve cloning efficiency in both mice and cattle. Recently, the rapid progress in high-throughput sequencing technologies has enabled detailed deciphering of the molecular mechanisms underlying these events. The robust efficiency of genomic editing tools also presents an alternative approach to the functional annotation of genes critical to early development.

关键词： bovine cloning     embryo development     somatic cell nuclear transfer     X-inactive specific transcript    

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心肌远程调节及其临床相关性：现在一起来！ Review

Kristin Luther,Yang Song,Yang Wang,Xiaoping Ren,W. Keith Jones

《工程（英文）》 2015年 第1卷 第4期   页码 490-499 doi: 10.15302/J-ENG-2015117

摘要：

急性心肌梗死(AMI) 是世界上致死和致残的主要病因。及时再灌注法是AMI的标准疗法，能够缩小梗死面积，提高患者存活率和改善预后。然而，25 %的患者在患心肌梗死(Ml) 后会进一步发展成为心力衰竭(HF)，且其中50%的患者会在5年内死亡。由于梗死面积是预断病人病情( 包括HF的形成) 的主要指标，因此，改善心肌的治疗方法具有极大的应用前景。 在过去30年中，研究者已发现多种能够刺激内源性心肌保护通道的刺激物，这些刺激物能在缺血预适应(IPC)和缺血后适应以及心肌缺血情况下启动保护机制。当在心肌缺血发生前、发生期间或发生后即刻使用刺激物，在远离心脏的血管床中发生的短暂、可逆性局部缺血就会即刻引发心肌保护机制——这种现象被分别称为远程缺血预适应，远程缺血期适应和远程缺血后适应。尽管目前的研究尚未完全阐明远程缺血预适应(RIPC) 的作用机制，但RIPC与IPC在机制上有很多共同之处。RIPC的发现使研究转向了远程非缺血刺激的应用，包括神经刺激( 脊髓刺激和迷走神经刺激) 以及电针(EA)。笔者与其他研究人员发现并阐述了非缺血现象的机制，并将其定义为远程创伤预适 应(RPCT)。通过刺激皮肤感觉神经来启动RPCT，这与穴位处神经刺激和EA既有相似性又有一定差异性。笔者在此次研究中还发现，可通过采用腹中线电刺激(与EA疗法相似) 来模拟RPCT，而且作为预适应刺激和后适应刺激( 在应用再灌注法时)，这种激活心肌保护机制的模式是非常有效的。通过对这些心肌保护现象的研究，学术界对心肌保护机制形成了一种全面且综 合的理解，而且在过去的5~10 年期间, 这种理解变得逐渐清晰，即无论是缺血性刺激诱导还是非缺血性刺激诱导，其机制均相似。通过对文献中多种数据的综合考虑，我们认为所有的这些心肌保护“适应”现象均表示心肌保护机制的启动是从心肌适 应网(含有特定介质和心肌细胞生存感受器) 的不同切入点进行的，该切入点包括NF-κB、Stat3/5、蛋白激酶C、舒缓激肽和mitoKATP 通道。神经系统传导通路可能代表了一种激活心脏和其他器官适应的新机制。研究表明，由于IPC和RIPC存在一定风险并且无法应用于某些患者，所以它们很难被转化为临床应用。因此，近期又新兴了一种神经刺激和痛感刺激的应用，这是一种激活心肌适应的潜在的非缺血性无创方法。作为引起心脏保护作用众多方法之一的后适应重点强调了临床相关性，这种临床相关性有助于在现有成熟的药物与电子疗法中加速新的治疗方向的突破。

关键词： 远程心肌保护     心肌适应     非缺血性适应     末端疼痛性刺激     神经和分子机制     临床可行性     电子疗法    

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The relevance of James Lovelock’s research and philosophy to environmental science and academia

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1639-7

摘要： James E. Lovelock, famed for his Gaia hypothesis, which views the Earth as a living integrated and interconnected self-regulating system whose equilibrium comes about from complex energy-based interactions and feedback loops, ultimately sustaining life, passed away at the end of July, 2022 at the age of 103. Not only are the adaptive mechanisms of Gaia central to the conversation of environmental homeostasis, they lie at the heart of climate change and global warming. Lovelock is also remembered as the co-inventor of the electron capture detector that eventually allowed for the sensitive detection of chlorofluorocarbons and pesticides. Finally, Lovelock’s free-spirited nature and research independence allow academia to rethink current research’s modus operandi.

关键词： Academic independence     Climate change     Electron capture detector     Environmental equilibrium     Global warming     Homeostasis    

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Ontological reconstruction of the clinical terminology of traditional Chinese medicine

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第3期   页码 358-361 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0348-9

摘要：

This study proposes the ontological reconstruction of the current clinical terminology of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). It also provides an overview of preliminary work related to the said reconstruction, including the ontology-based analysis of TCM clinical terminology. We conclude that the ontological reconstruction of TCM clinical terminology provides a proper translation from the idealized organizational model to real-world implementation and to a formalized, shared, and knowledge-based framework.

关键词： ontology     traditional Chinese medicine     clinical terminology    

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The clinical impact of tricuspid regurgitation in patients with a biatrial orthotopic heart transplant

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第3期   页码 527-533 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0967-5

摘要： In this study, we aim to elucidate the clinical impact and long-term course of tricuspid regurgitation (TR), taking into account its dynamic nature, after biatrial orthotopic heart transplant (OHT). All consecutive adult patients undergoing biatrial OHT (1984−2017) with an available follow-up echocardiogram were included. Mixed-models were used to model the evolution of TR. The mixed-model was inserted into a Cox model in order to address the association of the dynamic TR with mortality. In total, 572 patients were included (median age: 50 years, males: 74.9%). Approximately 32% of patients had moderate-to-severe TR immediately after surgery. However, this declined to 11% on 5 years and 9% on 10 years after surgery, adjusted for survival bias. Pre-implant mechanical support was associated with less TR during follow-up, whereas concurrent LV dysfunction was significantly associated with more TR during follow-up. Survival at 1, 5, 10, 20 years was 97% ± 1%, 88% ± 1%, 66% ± 2% and 23% ± 2%, respectively. The presence of moderate-to-severe TR during follow-up was associated with higher mortality (HR: 1.07, 95% CI (1.02–1.12), p = 0.006). The course of TR was positively correlated with the course of creatinine (R = 0.45). TR during follow-up is significantly associated with higher mortality and worse renal function. Nevertheless, probability of TR is the highest immediately after OHT and decreases thereafter. Therefore, it may be reasonable to refrain from surgical intervention for TR during earlier phase after OHT.

关键词： orthotopic heart transplant     tricuspid regurgitation     clinical impact     biatrial heart transplantation    

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Obesity-related glomerulopathy: pathogenesis, pathologic, clinical characteristics and treatment

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期   页码 340-348 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0570-3

摘要：

In light of the rapid increase in the number of obesity incidences worldwide, obesity has become an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease. Obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) is characterized by glomerulomegaly in the presence or absence of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis lesions. IgM and complement 3 (C3) nonspecifically deposit in lesions without immune-complex-type deposits during ORG immunofluorescence. ORG-associated glomerulomegaly and focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis can superimpose on other renal pathologies. The mechanisms under ORG are complex, especially hemodynamic changes, inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and reduced functioning nephrons. These mechanisms synergize with obesity to induce end-stage renal disease. A slow increase of subnephrotic proteinuria (<3.5 g/d) is the most common clinical manifestation of ORG. Several treatment methods for ORG have been developed. Of these methods, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system blockade and weight loss are proven effective. Targeting mitochondria may offer a novel strategy for ORG therapy. Nevertheless, more research is needed to further understand ORG.

关键词： obesity-related glomerulopathy     pathogenesis     pathologic     clinical characteristics    

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a clinical update

Min Zhou, Xinxin Zhang, Jieming Qu

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第2期   页码 126-135 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0767-8

摘要： Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed a significant threat to global health. It caused a total of 80 868 confirmed cases and 3101 deaths in Chinese mainland until March 8, 2020. This novel virus spread mainly through respiratory droplets and close contact. As disease progressed, a series of complications tend to develop, especially in critically ill patients. Pathological findings showed representative features of acute respiratory distress syndrome and involvement of multiple organs. Apart from supportive care, no specific treatment has been established for COVID-19. The efficacy of some promising antivirals, convalescent plasma transfusion, and tocilizumab needs to be investigated by ongoing clinical trials.

关键词： coronavirus disease 2019     epidemiology     pathology     radiology     clinical characteristics     treatment    

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Hypertension in patients with CKD in China: clinical characteristics and management

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期   页码 307-309 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0578-8

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Bone metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma: facts and hopes from clinical and translational perspectives

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第4期   页码 551-573 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0928-z

摘要： Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and bone metastasis (BM) suffer from greatly reduced life quality and a dismal prognosis. However, BM in HCC has long been overlooked possibly due to its relatively low prevalence in previous decades. To date, no consensus or guidelines have been reached or formulated for the prevention and management of HCC BM. Our narrative review manifests the increasing incidence of HCC BM to sound the alarm for additional attention. The risk factors, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic approaches of HCC BM are detailed to provide a panoramic view of this disease to clinicians and specialists. We further delineate an informative cancer bone metastatic cascade based on evidence from recent studies and point out the main factors responsible for the tumor-associated disruption of bone homeostasis and the formation of skeletal cancer lesions. We also present the advances in the pathological and molecular mechanisms of HCC BM to shed light on translational opportunities. Dilemmas and challenges in the treatment and investigation of HCC BM are outlined and discussed to encourage further endeavors in the exploration of underlying pathogenic and molecular mechanisms, as well as the development of novel effective therapies for HCC patients with BM.

关键词： HCC     bone     osteotropism     clinical     basic researches     advances    

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Heterogeneity of the tumor immune microenvironment and clinical interventions

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第4期   页码 617-648 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1015-9

摘要： Heterogeneity of the tumor immune microenvironment and clinical interventions

关键词： Heterogeneity tumor immune    

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Pathogen evolution, prevention/control strategy and clinical features of COVID-19: experiences from China

《医学前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1043-5

摘要： Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported at the end of 2019 as a worldwide health concern causing a pandemic of unusual viral pneumonia and many other organ damages, which was defined by the World Health Organization as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The pandemic is considered a significant threat to global public health till now. In this review, we have summarized the lessons learnt during the emergence and spread of SARS-CoV-2, including its prototype and variants. The overall clinical features of variants of concern (VOC), heterogeneity in the clinical manifestations, radiology and pathology of COVID-19 patients are also discussed, along with advances in therapeutic agents.

关键词： coronavirus disease 2019     SARS-CoV-2     epidemiology     clinical features    

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Genetic and clinical markers for predicting treatment responsiveness in rheumatoid arthritis

Xin Wu, Xiaobao Sheng, Rong Sheng, Hongjuan Lu, Huji Xu

《医学前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第4期   页码 411-419 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0659-3

摘要： Although many drugs and therapeutic strategies have been developed for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment, numerous patients with RA fail to respond to currently available agents. In this review, we provide an overview of the complexity of this autoimmune disease by showing the rapidly increasing number of genes associated with RA. We then systematically review various factors that have a predictive value (predictors) for the response to different drugs in RA treatment, especially recent advances. These predictors include but are certainly not limited to genetic variations, clinical factors, and demographic factors. However, no clinical application is currently available. This review also describes the challenges in treating patients with RA and the need for personalized medicine. At the end of this review, we discuss possible strategies to enhance the prediction of drug responsiveness in patients with RA.

关键词： rheumatoid arthritis     gene     clinical markers     therapy    

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Biological properties and clinical applications of berberine

Danyang Song, Jianyu Hao, Daiming Fan

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第5期   页码 564-582 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0724-6

摘要： Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from the Chinese herb and other plants, has a wide range of pharmacological properties. Berberine can be used to treat many diseases, such as cancer and digestive, metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases. Berberine has protective capacities in digestive diseases. It can inhibit toxins and bacteria, including , protect the intestinal epithelial barrier from injury, and ameliorate liver injury. Berberine also inhibits the proliferation of various types of cancer cells and impedes invasion and metastasis. Recent evidence has confirmed that berberine improves the efficacy and safety of chemoradiotherapies. In addition, berberine regulates glycometabolism and lipid metabolism, improves energy expenditure, reduces body weight, and alleviates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Berberine also improves cardiovascular hemodynamics, suppresses ischemic arrhythmias, attenuates the development of atherosclerosis, and reduces hypertension. Berberine shows potent neuroprotective effects, including antioxidative, antiapoptotic, and anti-ischemic. Furthermore, berberine exerts protective effects against other diseases. The mechanisms of its functions have been extensively explored, but much remains to be clarified. This article summarizes the main pharmacological actions of berberine and its mechanisms in cancer and digestive, metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases.

关键词： berberine     Coptis chinensis     pharmacological properties     mechanism     clinical applications    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Molecular alterations and clinical relevance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

null

期刊论文

Fibroblast growth factor 21: a novel metabolic regulator from pharmacology to physiology

null

期刊论文

Factors affecting early embryonic development in cattle: relevance for bovine cloning

Yanna DANG, Kun ZHANG

期刊论文

心肌远程调节及其临床相关性：现在一起来！

Kristin Luther,Yang Song,Yang Wang,Xiaoping Ren,W. Keith Jones

期刊论文

The relevance of James Lovelock’s research and philosophy to environmental science and academia

期刊论文

Ontological reconstruction of the clinical terminology of traditional Chinese medicine

null

期刊论文

The clinical impact of tricuspid regurgitation in patients with a biatrial orthotopic heart transplant

期刊论文

Obesity-related glomerulopathy: pathogenesis, pathologic, clinical characteristics and treatment

null

期刊论文

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a clinical update

Min Zhou, Xinxin Zhang, Jieming Qu

期刊论文

Hypertension in patients with CKD in China: clinical characteristics and management

null

期刊论文

Bone metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma: facts and hopes from clinical and translational perspectives

期刊论文

Heterogeneity of the tumor immune microenvironment and clinical interventions

期刊论文

Pathogen evolution, prevention/control strategy and clinical features of COVID-19: experiences from China

期刊论文

Genetic and clinical markers for predicting treatment responsiveness in rheumatoid arthritis

Xin Wu, Xiaobao Sheng, Rong Sheng, Hongjuan Lu, Huji Xu

期刊论文

Biological properties and clinical applications of berberine

Danyang Song, Jianyu Hao, Daiming Fan

期刊论文